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Guides & how-tos

DCF Valuation Basics DCF

Estimate a company's worth today by projecting its future cash and discounting it back to present value.

Part of the Intrinsic Value & DCF course · Lesson 13 of 15
Formula
PV = CF1/(1+r) + CF2/(1+r)^2 + ... + CFn/(1+r)^n + TV/(1+r)^n

What it is

A discounted cash flow (DCF) model estimates what a business is worth today based on the cash it is expected to generate in the future. Because a dollar received years from now is worth less than a dollar today, each future cash flow is shrunk (discounted) using a rate that reflects time and risk. The sum of those discounted cash flows is the estimated intrinsic value.

Why it matters

A DCF forces you to make your assumptions about growth and risk explicit, rather than relying only on what the market currently pays. Comparing the DCF value to the share price helps you judge whether a stock looks cheap or expensive on its own fundamentals.

How it's calculated

Step by step: (1) Project free cash flow for several years (often 5 to 10). (2) Choose a discount rate — commonly the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) — to reflect risk. (3) Discount each year's cash flow back to today by dividing by (1 + rate) raised to the number of years. (4) Estimate a terminal value for cash beyond the forecast period and discount that too. (5) Add the discounted cash flows and terminal value to get enterprise value, then adjust for debt and cash to reach equity value, and divide by shares for a per-share estimate. The output is only as good as the inputs, so test a range of assumptions.

How Quintarthai uses it

DCF-style intrinsic-value context is available across the screener and company pages; start on the company deep-analysis pages, where Quinn discusses cash-flow durability and valuation alongside the financials.

Cross-border note. When valuing a Canadian company in Canadian dollars against a US peer in US dollars, use a discount rate and currency consistent with the cash flows, and convert the final value at the spot exchange rate rather than mixing currencies inside the model.

FAQ

Why discount future cash flows at all?
Money has a time value: a dollar today can be invested and grow, so a dollar expected in five years is worth less now. Discounting converts all future cash into comparable present-day dollars, and a higher discount rate reflects higher risk.
Why are DCF results so sensitive?
Small changes in the growth rate, discount rate, or terminal value can swing the answer widely, because they compound over many years. That is why a DCF is best used as a range and a discipline, not a single precise number.
Related terms
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