Knowledge BaseIntrinsic value & DCF › Owner Earnings
Intrinsic value & DCF

Owner Earnings

Warren Buffett's measure of the real cash an owner can take out of a business each year.

Part of the Intrinsic Value & DCF course · Lesson 3 of 15
Formula
Owner Earnings = Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization + Other non-cash charges - Maintenance Capex (+/- working capital change)

What it is

Owner earnings is a cash-based measure of profit defined by Warren Buffett: reported net income, plus non-cash charges like depreciation, minus the capital spending the business genuinely needs to maintain its competitive position. It tries to capture the cash a business actually throws off to its owner, rather than accounting profit. It is conceptually close to free cash flow but emphasizes maintenance capital spending.

Why it matters

Reported earnings can be distorted by non-cash items and aggressive accounting, while owner earnings focuses on durable, distributable cash. Using it as the basis for valuation guards against paying for profits that never become real cash.

How it's calculated

Start with net income, add back depreciation, amortization, and other non-cash charges, then subtract the maintenance portion of capital expenditures (and adjust for working-capital needs). The maintenance-capex figure is a judgment call, which is the measure's main source of imprecision.

How Quintarthai uses it

The income-statement and cash-flow detail needed to build owner earnings — net income, D&A, and capital spending — is on each company's Financials tab.

Cross-border note. The calculation works the same under US GAAP and Canadian IFRS, but be aware IFRS allows some cost capitalization (such as certain development costs) that GAAP expenses, which can shift where the cash shows up.

FAQ

How is owner earnings different from free cash flow?
They are very similar. The key distinction is that owner earnings subtracts only maintenance capex — the spending needed to sustain the business — whereas standard free cash flow subtracts all capex, including growth investment.
Why is maintenance capex hard to pin down?
Companies report total capital spending but rarely split it into maintenance versus growth. Estimating the maintenance share requires judgment, which is the least precise part of the calculation.
Related terms
See Owner Earnings on a real company
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