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Risk & quality scores

Beneish M-Score

A statistical model that flags the likelihood a company has manipulated its reported earnings.

Part of the Financial Health & Risk course · Lesson 9 of 13
Formula
M = -4.84 + 0.92*DSRI + 0.528*GMI + 0.404*AQI + 0.892*SGI + 0.115*DEPI - 0.172*SGAI + 4.679*TATA - 0.327*LVGI

What it is

The Beneish M-Score is a forensic-accounting model, created by Professor Messod Beneish, that estimates how likely a company is to be manipulating its financial statements. It combines eight financial ratios that each capture a behavior often seen in earnings manipulation, such as ballooning receivables or unusually high accruals. It is a screening flag, not proof of fraud.

Why it matters

A high M-Score is a warning to dig deeper into the quality of a company's reported numbers before trusting headline earnings. The main pitfalls: it can misfire on fast-growing, highly seasonal, or financial firms, and a clean score does not guarantee honest accounting, so treat it as one input among several.

How it's calculated

Eight indexes are computed by comparing this year's figures to last year's (days-sales-in-receivables, gross margin, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and total accruals to total assets), then multiplied by the model's weights and summed; a score above roughly -2.22 suggests a higher chance of manipulation.

How Quintarthai uses it

Earnings-quality and manipulation flags surface in Quinn's risk-first analysis, with every underlying figure carrying a click-to-source provenance receipt; explore a name on the app.

Cross-border note. The model was built on US GAAP statements, so for Canadian filers reporting under IFRS some line items (like depreciation and asset classifications) differ slightly, which can affect comparability across the two accounting regimes.

FAQ

What M-Score is considered a red flag?
A score above about -2.22 suggests a higher probability of earnings manipulation, while a more negative score is the less concerning result. It is a probability flag, not a verdict.
Does a high M-Score mean a company committed fraud?
No. It only signals that the financials show patterns statistically associated with manipulation. It is a prompt to investigate further, not evidence of wrongdoing.
Related terms
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